![]() ![]() Social chapter would ↑ the p° costs & it would make European g less competitive. > Those recommendations were included in the Social Chapter of the Maastricht Treaty : refusal of the British Conservative gov (led by John Major), the Series of Lr and social rights which should apply in all member states -> the guarantee of decent Y for both the employed/unemployed, freedom of mov of L, freedom to belong to a trade union (=syndicat) and equal treatment of women and men in the labor m. ❃ Social policy : in 1989, a Social Charter was presented to European members -> including a > VAT (Value Added Tax) = the standard form of indirect tax throughout EU, exists inĮvery European country but substantial diff btw member states.Įx : VAT standards rates in Europe -> France 20%, Denmark 25%, Luxembourg 17%. ❃ Harmonization of taxation : taxes should be the same everywhere in Europe but it's not the case. > today's role : establish a system of agricultural subsidies to support farmers. ❃ Common agricultural policy (CAP) in 1962 : to ensure food supplies for Europe & provide fair Y for European farmers. > 1993 : EEC turn into EU thanks to the Maastricht Treaty.Ĭommon economic policies have been established : ![]() From EEC to EU, from a customs union to a common m. > EEC = a customs union bc legal, fiscal, & administrative restrictions remain. ![]() > 1968 : abolition of internal tariffs + establishment of common external tariffs. => Aim -> be a full common m with complete free trade in all pdcts and with free mov of labor, E and K. => Aim : ecoes of scale, competition, European integration -> promo° of peace btw countries, prevent war, pooling coal and steel p°.ĮEC (European Economic Community) 1957 (treaty of Rome) > Founded in 1952 -> removed trade restric° in coal, steel and iron btw the member states. > 6 original members : France, Italy, Germany, Luxembourg, Belgium, Netherlands, West Germany -> pooled coal and steel p°. What were the first 2 organisations before the European Union ? -> From ECSC (European Coal and Steel Community) to EEC.ĮCSC -> after WWII -> tried free movement, free access to sources of p°. > It is the 5th largest eco in the world. > Mercosur's purpose : promote free trade & free mov of g, ppl and currency. > Bolivia is a candidate member -> complying with accession procedure -> should join in the future. > Venezuela joined the group in 2012 -> suspended since December 2016 -> failed to comply with bloc's trade obligations. > Aim at promoting regional integra° trough political, social and eco cooperation. > Regional group of 4 countries : Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay What is MERCOSUR ? -> MERCOSUR : Mercado Comun del Sur = Southern Common m in English > Common standards in agricultural, financial services, intellectual property rights, consumer protection. > The group is working towards free movements of g&s, K, L. ![]() > In 2015, the group turned into ASEAN Economic Community : a middle btw free trade area and common m. > In the future, the obj is to form a common m similar to the EU. > Now 10 with : Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Viet Nam, Myanmar (= Birmanie). > 5 original members : Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. The goal is to ↑ regional welfare, both economically and culturally, through co-operation. > Promotes cultural, eco and political dev in the region. => Orga° of countries located in Southeast Asia > The Bangkok Declaration was signed in 1967 => officially created ASEAN. What is ASEAN ? -> ASEAN : Association of Southeast Asian Nations ![]()
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